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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on April 20, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp054
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Light-Dependent Intracellular Positioning of Mitochondria in Arabidopsis thaliana Mesophyll Cells

Md. Sayeedul Islam1,3, Yasuo Niwa2 and Shingo Takagi1

1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
2Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
3Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Corresponding author: Md. Sayeedul Islam, Address: Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan, Tel.: +81-6-6850-5818, Fax.: +81-6-6850-5818, E-mail: islam{at}bio.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

Mitochondria, the power house of the cell, are one of the most dynamic cell organelles. Although there are several reports on actin- or microtubule-dependent movement of mitochondria in plant cells, intracellular positioning and motility of mitochondria under different light conditions remain open questions. Mitochondria were visualized in living Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells using green fluorescent protein fused to a mitochondrion-targeting signal. In darkness, mitochondria were distributed randomly in palisade cells. On the contrary, mitochondria accumulated along the periclinal walls, similar to the accumulation response of chloroplasts, when treated with weak blue light (470 nm, 4 µmol m–2s–1). Under strong blue light (100 µmol m–2s–1), mitochondria occupied the anticlinal positions similar to the avoidance response of chloroplasts and nuclei. While strong red light (660 nm, 100 µmol m-2s–1) induced the accumulation of mitochondria along the inner periclinal walls, green light exhibited little effect on mitochondria distribution. In addition, the mode of movement of individual mitochondria along the outer periclinal walls under different light conditions was precisely analyzed by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. A gradual increase in the number of static mitochondria located in the vicinity of chloroplasts with time period of blue-light illumination clearly demonstrated the accumulation response of mitochondria. Light-induced co-localization of mitochondria with chloroplasts strongly suggested their mutual metabolic interactions. This is the first characterization of light-dependent redistribution of mitochondria in plant cells.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - blue light - green fluorescent protein - mesophyll cell - mitochondria - organelle positioning

(Received March 5, 2009; Accepted April 9, 2009)
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