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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on April 15, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp051
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Phospholipid-signaling responses in salt stressed rice leaves

Essam Darwish1,2, Christa Testerink1, Mohamed Khaleil2, Osama El-Shihy2 and Teun Munnik1,*

1Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2Plant Physiology Division, Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Cairo University, Egypt.

*Corresponding author: Prof. Teun Munnik. t.munnik{at}uva.nl


  Abstract

Salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting growth and productivity of rice plants. In this study, the effect of salt stress on phospholipid signaling responses in rice leaves was investigated. Leaf cuts were radiolabeled with 32P-orthophosphate and the lipids extracted and analyzed by thin layer chromatography, autoradiography and PhosphoImaging. Phospholipids were identified by co-migration of known standards. Results showed that 32Pi was rapidly incorporated into the minor lipids, PIP2 and PA and, interestingly, also into the structural lipids PE and PG, which normally label relatively slow, like PC and PI. Only very little amounts of PIP2 were found. However, in response to salt stress (NaCl), PIP2 levels rapidly (<30 min) increased up to 4-fold, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PA and its phosphorylated product, DGPP, also increased upon NaCl stress, while cardiolipin (CL) levels decreased. All other phospholipid levels remained unchanged. PA signaling can be generated via the combined action of PLC and DGK or directly via PLD. The latter can be measured in vivo, using a transphosphatidylation assay. Interestingly, these measurements revealed that salt stress inhibited PLD activity, indicating that the salt stress-induced PA response was not due to PLD activity. Comparison of the 32P-lipid responses in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars revealed no significant differences. Together these results show that salt stress rapidly activates several lipid responses in rice leaves but that these responses do not explain the difference in salt tolerance between sensitive and tolerant cultivars.

Keywords: phosphatidic acid - phosphoinositides - phospholipase - salt stress - lipid signaling - rice

(Received March 2, 2009; Accepted March 31, 2009)
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