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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on March 20, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp044
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Enhanced defense responses in Arabidopsis induced by the cell wall protein fractions from Pythium oligandrum require SGT1, RAR1, NPR1, and JAR1

Yoko Kawamura1, Shigehito Takenaka2, Shu Hase1, Mayumi Kubota3, Yuki Ichinose4, Yoshinori Kanayama5, Kazuhiro Nakaho6, Daniel F. Klessig7 and Hideki Takahashi1,*

1 Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
2 Department of Upland Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Shinsei, Memuro-cho, Kasaigun, Hokkaido 082-0071, Japan
3 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Japan
4 Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
5 Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
6 National Institute of Agro-Environmental Science, Tsukuba 305-8666, Japan
7 Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

*Corresponding author: Dr. Hideki Takahashi, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan, Telephone number: +81-22-717-8659, Fax, +81-22-376-7081, E-mail: takahash{at}bios.tohoku.ac.jp


  Abstract

The cell wall protein fraction (CWP) is purified from the nonpathogenic biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum and is composed of two glycoproteins (POD-1 and POD-2), which are structurally similar to class III elicitins. In tomato plants treated with CWP, jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET)-dependent signaling pathways are activated, and resistance to Ralstonia solanaceraum (Rs) is enhanced. To dissect CWP-induced defense mechanisms, we investigated defense gene expression and resistance to bacterial pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Col-0 treated with CWP. When the leaves of Col-0 were infiltrated with CWP, neither visible necrosis nor salicylic acid (SA)-responsive gene (PR-1 and PR-5) expression was induced. In contrast, JA-responsive gene (PDF1.2 and JR2) expression was up-regulated and the resistance to Rs and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was enhanced in response to CWP. Such CWP-induced defense responses were completely compromised in CWP-treated coi1-1 and jar1-1 mutants with impaired JA signaling pathway. The induction of defense-related gene expression after CWP treatment was partially compromised in ET-insensitive ein2-1 mutants, but neither in SA signaling mutants nor nahG transgenic plants. Global gene expression analysis using cDNA array also suggested that other several JA and ET-responsive genes, but not SA-responsive genes, were up-regulated in response to CWP. Further analysis of CWP-induced defense responses using other eight mutants with impaired defense signaling pathways indicated that, interestingly, the induction of JA-responsive gene expression and enhanced resistance to two bacterial pathogens in response to CWP were completely compromised in rar1-1 and 1-21, sgt1a-1, sgt1b (edm1) and npr1-1 mutants. Thus, the CWP-induced defense system appears to be regulated by JA-mediated and SGT1, RAR1 and NPR1-dependent signaling pathways.

Keywords: elicitin - ethylene - induced resistance - jasmonic acid - Pseudomonas syringae - Ralstonia solanaceraum

(Received February 4, 2009; Accepted March 11, 2009)
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