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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on January 28, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp013
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Different effects of aluminum on actin cytoskeleton and brefeldin A-sensitive vesicle recycling in root apex cells of two maize varieties differing in root elongation rate and Al tolerance

Montse Amenós1,2, Isabel Corrales2, Charlotte Poschenrieder2, Peter Illés3, Frantisek Baluska1,3 and Juan Barceló2

1 Institut für Zelluläre und Molekuläre Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
2 Lab. Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
3 Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 14, SK-845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia

Corresponding author: Prof. Juan Barceló. Address: Lab. Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Telephone number: +34935812163. E-mail address: juan.barcelo{at}uab.es.


  Abstract

A relation between Al toxicity, endocytosis, endosomes, and vesicle recycling in the root transition zone has recently been demonstrated. Here the importance of F-actin based vesicle trafficking for the Al tolerance has been investigating in maize varieties differing in their Al sensitivities. More Al was internalized into root tip cells of the Al sensitive variety 16x36 than in Al tolerant variety Cateto. Actin cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking were primary targets for Al toxicity in the root tips of the sensitive variety. Visualization of boron cross-linked RGII-containing brefeldin A (BFA) compartments revealed that Al inhibited the formation of these compartments, especially in variety 16x36. The time sequence of Al-effects on pectin recycling matches the growth effects of Al in this sensitive variety. These results support the hypothesis that Al binding to pectin-rich cell walls can contribute to reversible inhibition of root elongation. Aluminum-induced alterations on F-actin were most evident in the central part of the transition zone of Al sensitive 16x36, where Al was localized inside the nucleoli. In relation to this observation a role for symplastic Al in both irreversible growth inhibition and amelioration of BFA-induced inhibition of root elongation is discussed.

Keywords: Aluminum - boron - brefeldin A - maize - nucleolus - vesicle trafficking

(Received January 6, 2009; Accepted January 22, 2009)
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