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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on January 28, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp012
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The 14-3-3 protein GF14c acts as a negative regulator of flowering in rice by interacting with the florigen Hd3a

Yekti Asih Purwestri, Yuka Ogaki, Shojiro Tamaki, Hiroyuki Tsuji and Ko Shimamoto*

Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan. Phone: +81-743-72-5500 Fax : +81-743-72-5502.

*Corresponding author: Prof. Ko Shimamoto. Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan. Phone: +81-743-72-5500 Fax : +81-743-72-5502. e-mail: simamoto{at}bs.naist.jp


  Abstract

Hd3a and FT proteins have recently been proposed to act as florigens in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively; however, molecular mechanisms of their function remain to be determined. In this study, we identified GF14c (a 14-3-3 protein) as an Hd3a interacting protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen. In vitro and in vivo experiments, using a combination of pull-down assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, confirmed the interaction between Hd3a and GF14c. Functional analysis using either GF14c overexpression or knockout transgenic rice plants indicated that this interaction plays a role in the regulation of flowering. GF14c-overexpressing plants exhibited a delay in flowering and the knockout mutants displayed early flowering relative to the wild type plants under short-day conditions. These results suggest that GF14c acts as a negative regulator of flowering by interacting with Hd3a. Since the 14-3-3 protein has been shown to interact with FT protein in tomato and Arabidopsis, our results in rice provide important findings about FT signaling in plants.

Keywords: flowering - GF14c - Hd3a - protein interaction - rice

(Received December 26, 2008; Accepted January 21, 2009)
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