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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on January 23, 2009

Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp011
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

VAJ/GFA1/CLO Is Involved in The Directional Control of Floral Organ Growth

Noriyoshi Yagi1, Seiji Takeda1,4, Noritaka Matsumoto1 and Kiyotaka Okada1,2,3

1. Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
2. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan

Corresponding author: Kiyotaka Okada, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan. Phone: +81-564-55-7650, 7651, 7104, FAX: +81-564-55-7656, 4386, E-mail: kiyo{at}nibb.ac.jp


   Abstract

Flowers assume variant forms of reproductive structures, a phenomenon which may be partially due to the diversity among species in the shape and size of floral organs. However, organ size and shape of flowers usually remain constant within a species when grown under the same environmental conditions. The molecular and genetic mechanisms that control organ size and shape are largely unknown. We isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, vajra-1 (vaj-1), exhibiting defects in the regulation of floral organ size and shape. In vaj-1, alterations in the size and shape of floral organs were caused by changes in both cell size and cell number. The vaj-1 mutation also affected the number of floral organs. In vaj-1, a mutation was found in GAMETOPHYTIC FACTOR 1 (GFA1)/ CLOTHO (CLO), recently shown to be required for female gametophyte development. The VAJ/GFA1/CLO gene encodes an EF-2 family protein, of which the human U5-116kD and yeast Snu114p counterparts are U5 snRNP-specific proteins. Transient expression assay using Arabidopsis protoplast revealed that VAJ protein co-localized with SC35, an SR protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Our results showed that VAJ/GFA1/CLO has a novel role in the directional control of floral organ growth in Arabidopsis, possibly acting through pre-mRNA splicing.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - Directional organ growth - Floral organ development - Pre-mRNA splicing


3. Present address: National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan

4. Present address: Developmental Morphology Research Group, Graduated School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan

(Received December 1, 2008; Accepted January 20, 2009)
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