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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on July 14, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn102
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Genome barriers between nuclei and mitochondria exemplified by cytoplasmic male sterility

Sota Fujii and Kinya Toriyama*

Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University Sendai 981-8555, Japan

*corresponding author, Prof. Kinya Toriyama E-mail: torikin{at}bios.tohoku.ac.jp


  Abstract

Since plants retain genomes of an extremely large size in mitochondria (200-2,400 kb), and mitochondrial protein complexes are comprised of chimeric structures of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits, coordination of gene expression between the nuclei and mitochondria is indispensable for sound plant development. It has been well documented that the nucleus regulates organelle gene expression. This regulation is called anterograde regulation. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated that signals emitted from organelles regulate nuclear gene expression. This process is known as retrograde signaling. Incompatibility caused by genome barriers between a nucleus and foreign mitochondria destines the fate of pollen to be dead in cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), and studies of CMS make certain that pollen fertility is associated with anterograde/retrograde signaling. This review summarizes the current perspectives in CMS and fertility restoration, mainly from the viewpoint of anterograde/retrograde signaling.

Keywords: anterograde signaling - cytoplasmic male sterility - mitochondria - retrograde signaling

(Received June 23, 2008; Accepted July 9, 2008)
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