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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on February 26, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn032
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Genetic evidence for the role of isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases in the mevalonate pathway and plant development in Arabidopsis

Kazunori Okada1, Hiroyuki Kasahara2, Shinjiro Yamaguchi2, Hiroshi Kawaide3, Yuji Kamiya2, Hideaki Nojiri1 and Hisakazu Yamane1

1 Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
2 RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
3 Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

Corresponding author: Dr. Kazunori Okada, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 1-1-1 Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan, Tel/fax +81 35841 8070; e-mail ukokada{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp


  Abstract

Isopentenyl/dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase (IPI) catalyzes the interconversion of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which are the universal C5-units of isoprenoids. In plants, IPP and DMAPP are synthesized via the cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) and plastidic methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways, respectively. However, the role of IPI in each pathway and in plant development is unknown due to a lack of genetic studies using IPI-defective mutants. Here, we show that the atipi1atipi2 double mutant, which is defective in two Arabidopsis IPI isozymes, exhibits dwarfism and male sterility under long-day conditions and decreased pigmentation under continuous light, whereas the atipi1 and atipi2 single mutants are phenotypically normal. We also show that the sterol and ubiquinone levels in the double mutant are less than 50% of those in wild-type plants, and that the male-sterile phenotype is chemically complemented by squalene, a sterol precursor. In vivo isotope-labeling experiments using the atipi1atipi2 double mutant revealed a decrease in the incorporation of MVA (in its lactone form) into sterols, with no decrease in the incorporation of MEP pathway intermediates into tocopherol. These results demonstrate a critical role for IPI in isoprenoid biosynthesis via the MVA pathway, and they imply that IPI is essential for the maintenance of appropriate levels of IPP and DMAPP in different subcellular compartments in plants.

Keywords: IPP isomerase - MEP pathway - MVA pathway - Isopentenyl diphosphate - Dimethylallyl diphosphate

(Received November 18, 2007; Accepted February 20, 2008)
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