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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on February 15, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn026
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Characterization of Cd translocation and identification of Cd form in xlyem sap of the Cd-hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri

Daisei Ueno1, Takashi Iwashita2, Fang-Jie Zhao3 and Jian Feng Ma1

1 Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046 Japan
2 Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Osaka 618-8503 Japan
3 Rothamsted Research,Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK

Corresponding author: Prof. Jian Feng MA. Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan. Tel/Fax: +81-86-434-1209, E-mail: maj{at}rib.okayama-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

Arabidopsis halleri is a Cd hyperaccumulator; however, the mechanisms involved in the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd are not well understood. In this study, we characterized Cd transfer from the root medium to xylem in this species. Arabidopsis halleri accumulated 1500 mg kg-1 Cd in the shoot without growth inhibition. A time-course experiment showed that the release of Cd into the xylem was very rapid; by 2 h exposure to Cd, Cd concentration in the xylem sap was five fold higher than that in the external solution. The concentration of Cd in the xylem sap increased linearly with increasing Cd concentration in the external solution. Cadmium transfer to the xylem was completely inhibited by the metabolic inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Cadmium concentration in the xylem sap was decreased by increasing concentration of external Zn, but enhanced by Fe-deficiency treatment. Analysis with 113Cd-NMR showed that the chemical shift of 113Cd in the xylem sap was the same as that of Cd(NO3)2. Metal speciation with Geochem-PC also showed that Cd occurred mainly in the free ionic form in the xylem sap. These results suggest that Cd transfer from the root medium to the xylem in A. halleri is an energy-dependent process that is partly shared with that of Zn and/or Fe transport. Furthermore, Cd is translocated from roots to shoots in inorganic forms.

Keywords: Arabidopsis halleri - chemical form - Cd - hyperaccumulator - xylem sap - Zn

(Received December 19, 2007; Accepted February 13, 2008)
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