Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on November 8, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm155
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The PARVUS gene is expressed in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening and essential for glucuronoxylan biosynthesis
1 Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
2 Richard B. Russell Agriculture Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Athens, GA 30604, USA
Corresponding author: Dr. Zheng-Hua Ye, Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, 2502 Plant Sciences, Athens, GA 30602, Tel 706 542 1832, Fax 706 542 1805, E-mail: zhye{at}plantbio.uga.edu
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Abstract |
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Xylan together with cellulose and lignin are the three major components of secondary walls in wood and elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of xylan is of importance for potential modification of secondary wall composition to produce wood with improved properties. So far, three Arabidopsis glycosyltransferases, FRAGILE FIBER8, IRREGULAR XYLEM8 and IRREGULAR XYLEM9, have been implicated in glucuronoxylan (GX) biosynthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that PARVUS, which is a member of family GT8, is required for the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide primer sequence, ß-D-Xyl-(1
3)-
-L-Rha-(12)--D-GalA-(14)-D-Xyl, located at the reducing end of GX. The PARVUS gene is expressed during secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers and vessels, and its encoded protein is predominantly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutation of the PARVUS gene leads to a drastic reduction in secondary wall thickening and GX content. Structural analysis of GX using 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the parvus mutation causes a loss of the tetrasaccharide primer sequence at the reducing end of GX and an absence of glucuronic acid side chains in GX. Activity assay showed that the xylan xylosyltransferase and glucuronyltransferase activities were not affected in the parvus mutant. Together, these findings implicate a possible role of PARVUS in the initiation of biosynthesis of the GX tetrasaccharide primer sequence and provide novel insights into the mechanisms of GX biosynthesis.
Keywords: Arabidopsis - glucuronoxylan biosynthesis - glycosyltransferase - PARVUS - secondary wall biosynthesis
(Received October 24, 2007; Accepted November 5, 2007)
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