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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on June 13, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm076
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Phytochrome Chromophore Deficiency Leads to Overproduction of Jasmonic Acid and Elevated Expression of Jasmonate-Responsive Genes in Arabidopsis

Qingzhe Zhai1, Chang-Bao Li1, Wenguang Zheng, Xiaoyan Wu, Jiuhai Zhao, Guoxin Zhou, Hongling Jiang, Jiaqiang Sun, Yonggen Lou and Chuanyou Li*

State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.Z., C.-B.L., W.Z., X.W., J.Z., J.S., H.J., C.C., C.L.); Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China (Q.Z., W.Z., J.Z., J.S., J.F.);
The State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China (C.-B.L., X.W.); Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China (G.Z., Y.L.)

*Corresponding author: Chuanyou Li. Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 5 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Tel: (+8610) 6486 5313, FAX: (+8610) 6487 3428, E-mail: cyli{at}genetics.ac.cn


  Abstract

An Arabidopsis mutant line named hy1-101 was isolated because it shows stunted root growth on medium containing low concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA). Subsequent investigation indicated that even in the absence of JA, hy1-101 plants exhibit shorter roots and express higher levels of a group of JA-inducible defense genes. Here, we show that the hy1-101 mutant has increased production of JA and its jasmonate-related phenotype is suppressed by the coi1-1 mutation that interrupts JA-signaling. Gene cloning and genetic complementation analyses revealed that hy1-101 mutant contains a mutation in the HY1 gene, which encodes a heme oxygenase essential for phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis. These results support a hypothesis that phytochrome chromophore deficiency leads to overproduction of JA and activates COI1-dependent JA responses. Indeed, we show that, like hy1-101, independent alleles of the phytochrome chromophore deficient mutants, including hy1-100 and hy2 (CS68), also show elevated JA levels and constant expression of JA-inducible defense genes. We further provide evidence showing that, on the other hand, JA inhibits the expression of a group of light-inducible and photosynthesis-related genes. Together, these data imply that the JA-signaled defense pathway and phytochrome chromophore-mediated light signaling might have antagonistic effects to each other.

Keywords: Jasmonic acid - Arabidopsis - hy1 - hy2 - Phytochrome chromophore - Light signaling

1These authors contributed equally to this work


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