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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on April 26, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm048
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

A grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) cation/proton antiporter is associated with berry ripening.

Hanana Mohsen1,2, Cagnac Olivier2, Yamaguchi Toshio2, Hamdi Saïd3, Ghorbel Abdelwahed1 and Blumwald Eduardo2

1Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire de la Vigne, INRST, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia
2Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA95616, USA.
3Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle et de la Qualité de la Baie de Raisin, Université de Bordeaux1, 71 Av. Edouard Bourleaux, BP 81, Bordeaux 33883, France

Author to whom correspondence should be sent: Blumwald Eduardo, Dept of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 5, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616. Email : eblumwald{at}ucdavis.edu Fax: 530-752-2278 Tel: 530-754-7322


  Abstract

We have cloned and characterized VvNHX1, a gene encoding a vacuolar cation/H+ antiporter from Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. VvNHX1 belongs to the vacuolar NHX protein family and showed high similarity with other known vacuolar antiporters. The expression of VvNHX1 partially complements the salt- and hygromycin-sensitive phenotypes of a ena1-4 nhx1 yeast strain. Immunoblots of vacuoles of yeast expressing a VvNHX1, together with the expression of VvNHX1-GFP chimera demonstrated that VvNHX1 localized to the vacuoles. VvNHX1 displayed low affinity K+/H+ and Na+/H+ exchange activities (12.8 mM and 40.2 mM, respectively). The high levels of expression of VvNHX1 during the véraison and post- véraison stages would indicate that the increase in vacuolar K+ accumulation, mediated by VvNHX1, is needed for vacuolar expansion. This process, together with the rapid accumulation of reducing sugars would drive water uptake to the berry and the concomitant berry size increase, typical of the post- véraison stage of growth.

Keywords: Vitis vinifera - grape berry - véraison - NHX - vacuole - cation/H+ antiporter


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