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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on March 5, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm033
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Up-regulation of mitochondrial alternative oxidase concomitant with chloroplast over-reduction by excess light

Keisuke Yoshida1,2, Ichiro Terashima2 and Ko Noguchi2

1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
2Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Corresponding Author; Name: Keisuke Yoshida Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Tel & Fax: +81-3-5841-4465 E-mail: kyoshida{at}biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp


  Abstract

Alternative oxidase (AOX), the unique terminal oxidase in plant mitochondria, catalyzes the energy-wasteful cyanide (CN)-resistant respiration. Although it has been suggested that AOX might prevent chloroplast over-reduction through the efficient dissipation of excess reducing equivalents, its direct evidence in physiological context has been lacking. In this study, we examined the mitochondrial respiratory properties, especially AOX, with connected to the accumulation of reducing equivalents in the chloroplasts and the activities of enzymes needed to transport the reducing equivalents. We used Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem I, in which the reducing equivalents accumulate in the chloroplast stroma due to unbalanced ATP/NADPH production ratio. These mutants showed higher activities of the enzymes needed to transport the reducing equivalents even in the low-light growth condition. Then, AOX protein amounts and CN-resistant respiration in the mutants were also higher than those in wild-type. After high-light treatment, AOX, even in wild-type, was preferentially up-regulated concomitant with the accumulation of reducing equivalents in the chloroplasts and an increase in the activities of enzymes needed to transport reducing equivalents. These results indicate that AOX can dissipate the excess reducing equivalents, which are transported from the chloroplasts, and serve to the efficient photosynthesis.

Keywords: alternative oxidase - Arabidopsis thaliana - cyanide-resistant respiration - cyclic electron flow around photosystem I - malate/oxaloacetate shuttle

The nucleotide sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database under accession numbers AB289456 [GenBank] and AB289457 [GenBank] .


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