Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on January 6, 2007
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm002
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Dissection of enhanced cell expansion processes in leaves triggered by defect in cell proliferation, with reference to roles of endoreduplication
1National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji-cho Nisigo Naka 38, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
2Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-1930, Japan
3Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Science Building #2, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
*Author for correspondence, Gorou Horiguchi National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji-cho Nisigo Naka 38, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan, Tel: +81-564-55-7513 Fax: +81-564-55-7512 E-mail addresses: ghori{at}nibb.ac.jp
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Abstract |
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Leaf development relies on cell proliferation, post-mitotic cell expansion, and the coordination of these processes. In several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in cell proliferation, such as angustifolia3 (an3), leaf cells are larger than normal at their maturity. This phenomenon, which we call compensated cell enlargement, suggests the presence of such coordination in leaf development. To genetically dissect the cell-expansion system(s) underlying this compensation seen in the an3 mutant, we isolated and utilized ten extra-small sisters (xs) mutant lines that show decreased cell size but normal cell numbers in leaves. In the xs single mutants, the palisade cell sizes in mature leaves are about 20 to 50% smaller than wild-type cells. Phenotypes of the palisade cell sizes in all combinations of xs an3 double mutants fall into three classes. In the first class, the compensated cell enlargement was significantly suppressed. Conversely, in the second class, the defective cell expansion conferred by the xs mutations was significantly suppressed by the an3 mutation. The residual xs mutations had effects additive to those of the an3 mutation on cell expansion. The endopolyploidy levels in the first class of mutants were decreased, unaffected, or increased, as compared to those in wild-type, suggesting that the abnormally enhanced cell expansion observed in an3 could be mediated, at least in part, by ploidy-independent mechanisms. Altogether, these results clearly showed that a defect in cell proliferation in leaf primordia enhances a part of the network that regulates cell expansion, which is required for normal leaf expansion.
Keywords: angustifolia3 (an3) - cell expansion - compensated cell enlargement - extra-small sisters (xs) - leaf - ploidy
4Present address: Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Science Building #7, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. E-mail: ghori{at}biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jps
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