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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on November 2, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcl029
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Short Communication

Chloroplast NAD kinase is essential for energy transduction through xanthophyll cycle in photosynthesis

Hideyuki Takahashi 1 *, Ayako Watanabe 1, Ayumi Tanaka 2, Shin-nosuke Hashida 3, Maki Kawai-Yamada 3, Kintake Sonoike 4, and Hirofumi Uchimiya 5

1 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Both authors are equally contributed to this work
2 The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
3 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
4 Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
5 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hideyuki Takahashi, E-mail: yany{at}iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp


  Abstract

Photosynthetic parameters of the nadk2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is defective in chloroplast NAD kinase, were investigated. In this plant, the effective efficiency of photosynthetic electron transport ({Phi}II) and the quantum yield of open reaction centers of photosystem II (Fv’ /Fm’) were decreased. Furthermore, an increase in nonphotochemical quenching attributed to energy dissipation from the xanthophyll cycle was observed. The mutant showed an aberrant de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids and had a high level of zeaxanthin even under low light conditions. These results indicate that chloroplast NAD kinase, catalyzing phosphorylation of NAD, is essential for proper photosynthetic machinery of PSII and the xanthophyll cycle.

Keywords: NAD kinase; PSII; energy dissipation; xanthophyll cycle; Arabidopsis thaliana.
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