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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on October 20, 2006

Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcl022
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Regular paper

LjnsRING, a Novel RING Finger Protein, is Required for Symbiotic Interactions Between Mesorhizobium loti and Lotus japonicus

Kenshiro Shimomura 1, Mika Nomura 2, Shigeyuki Tajima 2, and Hiroshi Kouchi 3 *

1 Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan; Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
3 Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hiroshi Kouchi, E-mail: kouchih{at}nias.affrc.go.jp


   Abstract

Nodule-specific (nodulin) genes are thought to play crucial roles during establishment of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legume plants and Rhizobium bacteria. On the basis of a gene expression database for early stages of the nodulation process of Lotus japonicus, previously constructed by a cDNA macroarray analysis, we identified a novel nodulin gene, LjnsRING, which encodes a protein with a typical RING-H2 finger domain that is well-conserved in a number of plant E3 ubiquitin ligases. LjnsRING transcripts were almost exclusively expressed in nodules, and very low expression was detected in roots and shoots. RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of LjnsRING by hairy root transformation caused impaired root growth together with abortion of nodule formation. Examination with lacZ-labelled Mesorhizobium loti indicated that infection thread formation in the RNAi transgenic hairy roots was significantly inhibited. Analysis using a chimeric gene of LjnsRING promoter and {beta}-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region demonstrated that LjnsRING transcription in nodules was restricted to the infected cells. These results suggest the requirement of LjnsRING in rhizobial infection and subsequent nodule formation process.

Keywords: Lotus japonicus; Mesorhizobium loti; nodulation; RNAi; Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
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