Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on October 3, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcl019
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1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. PAMP (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern) recognition plays an important role during the innate immune response in both plants and animals. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from gram-negative bacteria are representative of typical PAMP molecules and have been reported to induce defense-related responses, including the suppression of the hypersensitive response, the expression of defense genes and systemic resistance in plants. However, the details regarding the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these cellular responses, such as the molecular machinery involved in the perception and transduction of LPS molecules, remain largely unknown. Furthermore, the biological activities of LPS on plants have so far been reported only in dicots and no information is thus available regarding their functions in monocots. In our current study, we report that bacterial LPS species, including plant pathogens and non-pathogens, can induce various defense responses in rice cells, including reactive oxygen generation and defense gene expression. In addition, global analysis of gene expression induced by two PAMPs, LPS and chitin oligosaccharide, also reveals a close correlation between the gene responses induced by these factors. This indicates that there is a convergence of signaling cascades downstream of their corresponding receptors. Furthermore, we show that the defense responses induced by LPS in the rice cells are associated with programmed cell death (PCD), which is a finding that has not been previously reported for the functional role of these molecules in plant cells. Interestigly, PCD inductioby the LPS was not detected in the cultured A. thaliana cells.
Regular Paper
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides Induce Defense Responses Associated with Programmed Cell Death in Rice Cells
Yoshitake Desaki 1, Ayako Miya 1, Balakrishnan Venkatesh 2, Shinji Tsuyumu 2, Hisakazu Yamane 3, Hanae Kaku 1, Eiichi Minami 4, and Naoto Shibuya 1 *
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
3 Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
4 Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
Naoto Shibuya, E-mail: shibuya{at}isc.meiji.ac.jp
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