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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on September 6, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcl005
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

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Ferredoxin Limits Cyclic Electron Flow around PSI (CEF-PSI) in Higher Plants-Stimulation of CEF-PSI enhances Non-Photochemical Quenching of Chl Fluorescence in Transplastomic Tobacco-

Hiroshi Yamamoto 1, Hideki Kato 1, Yuki Shinzaki 1, Sayaka Horiguchi 1, Toshiharu Shikanai 2, Toshiharu Hase 3, Tsuyoshi Endo 4, Minori Nishioka 1, Amane Makino 5, Ken-ichi Tomizawa 1, and Chikahiro Miyake 1 *

1 Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizu-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0292 Japan
2 Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
3 Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
4 Division of Integrated Life Sciences, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
5 Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Chikahiro Miyake, E-mail: cmiyake{at}rite.or.jp


  Abstract

We tested the hypothesis that ferredoxin (Fd) limits the activity of cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF-PSI) in vivo and that the relief of this limitation promotes the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Chl fluorescence. In transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) expressing Fd from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in its chloroplasts, the minimum yield of Chl fluorescence (Fo) was higher than in the wild type. Fo was suppressed to the wild-type level upon illumination with far-red light, implying that the transfer of electrons by Fd-quinone oxidoreductase (FQR) from the chloroplast stroma to plastoquinone was enhanced in transplastomic plants. The activity of CEF-PSI became higher in transplastomic than in wild-type plants under conditions limiting photosynthetic linear electron flow. Similarly, NPQ of Chl fluorescence was enhanced in transplastomic plants. On the other hand, pool sizes of the pigments of the xanthophyll cycle and the amounts of PsbS protein were the same in all plants. All these results supported the hypothesis strongly. We conclude that breeding plants with an NPQ of Chl fluorescence increased by an enhancement of CEF-PSI activity might lead to improved tolerance for abiotic stresses, particularly under conditions of low light use efficiency.

Keywords: Cyclic Electron Flow; Ferredoxin; Non-photochemical Quenching (NPQ); Photosynthesis; Transplastomic Tobacco; Water-Water Cycle.
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