Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on August 21, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj100
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1 Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. CK2 is an ubiquitous enzyme essential for eukaryotic cells viability. In the present work we analyzed the Arabidopsis thaliana genome in search for the genes coding for all CK2
Received May 29, 2006
Accepted July 31, 2006
Regular Paper
An extensive survey of CK2
Paula Salinas 1, Daniela Fuentes 2, Elena Vidal 2, Xavier Jordana 1, Manuel Echeverria 3, and Loreto Holuigue 1 *
and 
subunits in Arabidopsis: multiple isoforms exhibit differential subcellular localization
2 Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile.;These authors contributed equally to this work
3 UMR CNRS 5096, Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université de Perpignan, Francia
Loreto Holuigue, E-mail: lholuigue{at}bio.puc.cl
Abstract 
and 
subunits. We found four subunit and four subunit genes. Expression analysis showed that all CK2 subunit genes are expressed in inflorescences, stems, leaves and roots. The level of expression of these genes is very similar, except for the one that codes for an subunit harboring a putative chloroplastic destination peptide (cp), which shows a slightly higher expression level in all tissues. Using transgenic plants and agroinfiltration we have also characterized the subcellular localization of all proteins encoded by CK2 genes. Our results show that all subunits are localized into the nucleus, with the exception of cp, which is only found in the chloroplasts. On the other hand, subunits have a more diverse distribution with some of them localizing both into the nucleus and the cytosol, while others are exclusively located in one of these compartments. Remarkably, no CK2 subunit was found in the chloroplasts. Finally, by directly measuring its activity, we have demonstrated that purified Arabidopsis chloroplasts have active CK2 that can be regulated by external addition of CK2. This study represents a complete survey of the CK2 gene family in Arabidopsis and the first step for future studies on CK2 cellular function in this specie.
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