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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on July 20, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj084
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© The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received April 26, 2006
Accepted June 29, 2006

Regular Paper

Sl-ERF2, a tomato Ethylene Response Factor involved in ethylene response and seed germination

Julien Pirrello 1, Fabiola Jaimes-Miranda 1, Maria Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta 1, Barthélémy Tournier 1, Qaiser Khalil-Ahmad 1, Farid Regad 1, Alain Latché 1, Jean Claude Pech 1, and Mondher Bouzayen 1 *

1 UMR990 INRA/INP-ENSA Toulouse "Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits" Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, BP 32607 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex; FRANCE

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mondher Bouzayen, E-mail: bouzayen{at}ensat.fr


  Abstract

Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) are plant transcriptional regulators mediating ethylene-dependent gene expression via binding to the GCC motif found in the promoter region of ethylene-regulated genes. We report here on the structural and functional characterisation of the tomato Sl-ERF2 gene that belongs to a distinct class of the large ERF gene family. Both spliced and unspliced versions of Sl-ERF2 transcripts were amplified from RNA samples and the search in the public tomato EST database confirmed the existence of the two transcript species in a number of cDNA libraries. The unspliced transcript contains two ORFs yielding two hypothetical proteins, a small highly truncated version lacking the APETALA2 domain and a bigger protein lacking the N-terminal MCGGAAII/L consensus peptide specific to ERF members from subfamily IV. Nevetheless, functional Sl-ERF2 protein may only derive from spliced transcripts since, depending on the tissue, the level of the spliced transcript is extensively higher than that of the unspliced one. Sl-ERF2 is expressed in all plant tissues tested though its transcript accumulates preferentially in germinating seeds and ripening fruit. Over-expression of the Sl-ERF2 gene in transgenic tomato lines results in premature seed germination and enhanced hook formation of dark-grown seedlings which is indicative of increased ethylene sensitivity. The expression of the mannanase2 gene is up-regulated in Sl-ERF2 over-expressing seeds suggesting that Sl-ERF2 stimulates seed germination through the induction of the mannanase2 gene. Noteworthy, the exaggerated hook phenotype is abolished when ethylene perception is blocked, strongly suggesting that Sl-ERF2 requires other ethylene-dependent components to impact the hook formation process.

Keywords: ABA; ERF; ethylene; germination; MAN2; tomato.
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