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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on March 10, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj031
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2006 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received January 31, 2006
Accepted March 7, 2006

Rapid Paper

Lanosterol Synthase in Dicotyledonous Plants

Masashi Suzuki 1 5, Ting Xiang 2 5, Kiyoshi Ohyama 1, Hikaru Seki 1, Kazuki Saito 3, Toshiya Muranaka 1 *, Hiroaki Hayashi 4, Yuji Katsube 2, Tetsuo Kushiro 2, Masaaki Shibuya 2, and Yutaka Ebizuka 2

1 RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
2 Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
3 RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
4 Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi, Gifu, Gifu 502-8585, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toshiya Muranaka, E-mail: muranaka{at}riken.jp


  Abstract

Sterols are important as structural components of plasma membranes and precursors of steroidal hormones in both animals and plants. Plant sterols show a wide structural variety and significant structural differences from those of animals. To elucidate the origin of structural diversity in plant sterols, their biosynthesis has been extensively studied (Benveniste 2004, Schaller 2004). The differences in the biosynthesis of sterols between plants and animals begin at the step of cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene, which is cyclized to lanosterol in animals and to cycloartenol in plants. However, here we show that plants also have the ability to directly synthesize lanosterol from 2,3-oxidosqualene, which may lead to a new pathway to plant sterols. The Arabidopsis gene At3g45130, designated LAS1, encodes a functional lanosterol synthase in plant. A phylogenetic tree showed that LAS1 belongs to the previously uncharacterized branch of oxidosqualene cyclases, which differs from the cycloartenol synthase branch. Panax PNZ on the same branch was also shown to be a lanosterol synthase in a yeast heterologous expression system. The higher diversity of plant sterols may require two biosynthetic routes in steroidal backbone formation.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; cycloartenol; lanosterol; oxidosqualene cyclase; Panax; phytosterol.

5 These authors contribute equally to this work.


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