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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on February 15, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj019
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2006 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received November 6, 2005
Accepted February 6, 2006

Regular Paper

Influence of Simulated Acid Snow Stress on Leaf Tissue of Wintering Herbaceous Plants

Hidetoshi Inada 1, Manabu Nagao 2, Seizo Fujikawa 1, and Keita Arakawa 1 *

1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
2 Cryobiosystem Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Keita Arakawa, E-mail: keita-ar{at}for.agr.hokudai.ac.jp


  Abstract

Acid snow might be an environmental stress factor for wintering plants since acid precipitates are locally concentrated in snow and the period in which ice crystals are in contact with shoots might be longer than that of acid precipitates in rain. In this study, 'equilibrium' and 'prolonged' freezing tests with sulfuric acid, which simulate situations of temperature depression and chronic freezing at a subzero temperature with acid precipitate as acid snow stress, respectively, were carried out using leaf segments of cold-acclimated winter wheat. When leaf segments were frozen in the presence of sulfuric acid solution (pH 4.0, 3.0 or 2.0) by equilibrium freezing with ice-seeding, the survival rate of leaf samples treated with sulfuric acid solution of pH 2.0 decreased markedly. Leaf samples after supercooling to -4 and -8°C in the presence of sulfuric acid solution (pH 2.0) without ice-seeding were less damaged. When leaf samples were subjected to prolonged freezing at -4 and -8°C for 7 days with sulfuric acid (pH 2.0), the survival rates of leaf samples exposed to sulfuric acid decreased more than those of leaf samples treated with water. On the other hand, leaf samples were less damaged by prolonged supercooling at -4 and -8°C for 7 days with sulfuric acid (pH 2.0). The results suggest that an acid condition (pH 2.0) in the process of extracellular freezing and/or thawing promotes freezing injury of wheat leaves.

Keywords: freezing injury; cold-acclimated leaves; simulated acid snow; Triticum aestivum.
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