Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on January 30, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pcj012
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1 National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. The transcriptional regulators for anthocyanin biosynthesis include members of proteins containing an R2R3-MYB domain, a bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) domain, and conserved WD40 repeats (WDRs). Spacial and temporal expression of the structural genes encoding the enzymes for anthocyanin biosynthesis is thought to be determined by combinations of the R2R3-MYB, bHLH, and WDR factors and their interactions. While the wild-type Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil) exhibits blue flowers with colored stems and dark-brown seeds, the c mutants display white flowers with red stems and colored seeds, and the ca mutants exhibit white flowers with green stems and ivory seeds. Here, we characterize the tissue-specific expression of three MYB genes, three bHLH genes, and two WDR genes in I. nil. We also show that the recessive c-1 and ca alleles are frameshift mutations caused by a 2-bp deletion and 7-bp insertions in the genes for the R2R3-MYB and WDR transcriptional regulators designated as InMYB1 and InWDR1, respectively. In addition to defects in flower, stem, and seed pigmentations, the ca mutants were found to show reduced trichome formation in seeds but to produce leaf and stem trichomes and root hairs normally. Except for CHS-E in ca mutant, all structural genes tested coordinately reduced in both c-1 and ca mutant flower limbs. However, slight but significant expression of CHS-D, CHI, and F3H for flavonol biosynthesis was detectable in c-1 and ca mutants, whereas no such residual expression could be observed in other genes involved in the later anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The biological roles of the C-1 and Ca genes in I. nil epidermal traits and their evolutionary implications are also discussed.
Received September 20, 2005
Accepted January 18, 2006
Regular Paper
Isolation of cDNAs for R2R3-MYB, bHLH, and WDR Transcriptional Regulators and Identification of c and ca Mutations Conferring White Flowers in the Japanese Morning Glory
Yasumasa Morita 1,
Miho Saitoh 2,
Atsushi Hoshino 1,
Eiji Nitasaka 3,
and
Shigeru Iida 1 *
2 National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
3 Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
Shigeru Iida, E-mail: shigiida{at}nibb.ac.jp
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