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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on January 13, 2006
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci252
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received November 17, 2005
Accepted December 26, 2005

Regular Paper

Polyamines Induce Rapid Biosynthesis of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings

Ni Ni Tun 1 3, Claudete Santa-Catarina 2 3, Tahmina Begum 1, Vanildo Silveira 2, Walter Handro 2, Eny Iochevet Segal Floh 2, and Günther F. E. Scherer 1 *

1 Universität Hannover, Institut für Zierpflanzenbau, AG Spezielle Ertragsphysiologie, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
2 Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, IB-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, CP 11461, 05422-970

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Günther F. E. Scherer, E-mail: scherer{at}zier.uni-hannover.de


  Abstract

In this study we examined the regulation by putrescine (put), spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm) of nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Using a fluorimetric method employing the cell-impermeable NO-binding dye diaminorhodamine-4M (DAR-4M) we observed that the polyamines (PAs) spd and spm increased NO release in the seedlings strongly whereas arginine (arg) and putrescine (put) had little or no effect. Spm, the most active PA, stimulated NO release with no apparent lag phase. The response was quenched by addition of 2-aminoethyl-2-thiopseudourea (AET), an inhibitor of the animal NO synthase (NOS) and plant NO biosynthesis, and by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-1-oxy-3-oxide (PTIO), an NO scavenger. By fluorescence microscopy, using the cell-permeable NO-binding dye diaminorhodamine-4M acetoxymethyl ester (DAR-4M AM), we observed that PAs induced NO biosynthesis in specific tissues in Arabidopsis seedlings. Spm and spd increased NO biosynthesis in the elongation zone of the Arabidopsis root tip and in primary leaves, especially in the veins and trichomes, while in cotyledons little or no effect of PAs beyond the endogenous levels of NO-induced fluorescence was observed. We conclude that PAs induce NO biosynthesis in plants.

Keywords: nitric oxide; polyamines; arginine; putrescine; spermidine; spermine.

3These authors contributed equally to this publication


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