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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on December 13, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci239
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received October 7, 2005
Accepted December 5, 2005

Regular Paper

New Evidences about the Relationship between Water Channel Activity and Calcium in Salinity-Stressed Pepper Plants

Francisco J. Cabañero 1, M. Carmen Martínez-Ballesta 1, José A. Teruel 2, and Micaela Carvajal 1 *

1 Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal. Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura - CSIC. Apdo. Correos 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia (Spain)
2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de Murcia. Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia (Spain)

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micaela Carvajal, E-mail: mcarvaja{at}cebas.csic.es


  Abstract

This study, of how Ca2+ availability (intra-, extra-cellular or linked to the membrane) influences the functionality of aquaporins of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants grown under salinity stress, was carried out in plants treated with NaCl (50 mM), CaCl2 (10 mM), and CaCl2 (10 mM) + NaCl (50 mM). For this, water transport through the plasma membrane of isolated protoplasts, the involvement of aquaporins and calcium (extracellular, intracellular and linked to the membrane) has been determined. After these treatments, it could be seen that calcium concentration was reduced in the apoplast, into the cells and on plasma membrane of roots of pepper plants grown under saline conditions; these concentrations were increased or restored when extra calcium was added to the nutrient solution. Protoplasts extracted from plants grown under Ca2+ starvation showed no aquaporin functionality. However, for the protoplasts to which calcium was added, an increase of aquaporin functionality of the plasma membrane was observed (Pf inhibition after Hg addition). Interestingly, when verapamil (a Ca2+ channel blocker) was added, no functionality was observed, even when Ca2+ was added with verapamil. Therefore, calcium seems to be involved in plasma membrane aquaporin regulation via a chain of processes within the cell but not by alteration of the stability of the plasma membrane.

Keywords: Aquaporin; calcium; osmotic water permeability; salinity; pepper.
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