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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on December 2, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci231
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received March 30, 2005
Accepted November 10, 2005

Regular Paper

Colonization by the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus versiforme Induces a Defense Response against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in the Grapevine (Vitis amurensis Rupr.), Which Includes Transcriptional Activation of the Class III Chitinase Gene VCH3

Hai-Yan Li 1, Guo-Dong Yang 2, Huai-Rui Shu 3, Yu-Tao Yang 2, Bao-Xing Ye 2, Ikuo Nishida 4, and Cheng-Chao Zheng 2 *

1 College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018 PR China; College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018 PR China; College of Biotechnology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118 PR China
2 College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018 PR China
3 College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018 PR China
4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama, 338-8570 Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cheng-Chao Zheng, E-mail: cczheng{at}sdau.edu.cn


  Abstract

Inoculation of the grapevine (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus versiforme significantly increased resistance against the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. Studies using relative quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RQRT-PCR) analysis of grapevine roots inoculation with the AM fungus revealed an upregulation of VCH3 transcripts. This increase was greater than that observed following infection with RKN. However, inoculation of the mycorrhizal grapevine roots with RKN was able to further enhance VCH3 transcript expression. Moreover, the increase in VCH3 transcripts appeared to result in a higher level of resistance against subsequent RKN infection. Constitutive expression of VCH3 cDNA in the transgenic tobaccos under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter also conferred resistance against RKN, but had no significant effect on the growth of the AM fungus. We analyzed {beta}-glucuronidase (GUS) activity directed by a 1216-bp VCH3 promoter in transgenic tobaccos following inoculation with both the AM fungus and RKN. GUS activity was negligible in the root tissues before inoculation, and was more effectively induced after inoculation with the AM fungus than with RKN. Moreover, GUS staining in the mycorrhizal transgenic tobacco roots was enhanced by subsequent RKN infection, and was found ubiquitously throughout the whole root tissue. Together, these results suggest that AM fungus induced a defense response against RKN in the mycorrhizal grapevine roots, which appeared to involve transcriptional control of VCH3 expression throughout the whole root tissue.

Keywords: Defense response; Grapevine (Vitis amurensis); Glomus versiforme; Class III chitinase; Meloidogyne incognita.
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