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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on November 7, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci227
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received October 3, 2005
Accepted October 31, 2005

Regular Paper

Expression of the Vacuolar Ca2+/H+ Exchanger, OsCAX1a, in Rice: Cell- and Age-Specificity of Expression and Enhancement by Ca2+

Takehiro Kamiya 1, Taro Akahori 1, Motoyuki Ashikari 2, and Masayoshi Maeshima 1*

1 Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
2 Bioscience Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Masayoshi Maeshima, E-mail: maeshima{at}agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

Calcium is an essential macronutrient for plants and functions in signal transduction. Regulation of the cytosolic calcium concentration is required for normal cell growth. In calcium homeostasis in plant cells, Ca2+/H+ exchangers are involved in Ca2+ compartmentalization into intracellular compartments. Here, we examine the intracellular localization of a rice Ca2+/H+ exchanger, OsCAX1a, fused to a green fluorescent protein and transiently expressed in onion epidermis and rice protoplasts. Green fluorescence was observed in the vacuolar membrane. After sucrose gradient centrifugation of the homogenate of rice plants, OsCAX1a was detected in the same fraction as the vacuolar membrane aquaporin {gamma}-TIP. We then quantified the mRNA and protein of OsCAX1a in plants grown with metal ions. OsCAX1a mRNA was induced in roots by high concentrations of Ca2+. The protein level in shoots was also increased in the presence of high concentrations of Ca2+. Furthermore, transgenic rice plants transformed with OsCAX1a promoter fused to {beta}-glucuronidase showed reporter expression in vascular bundles, stomata, trichomes, steles, flowers, embryos and aleurone layers. In the case of stomata and trichomes, transcription of OsCAX1a was particularly high in aged organs. These results suggest that OsCAX1a transports Ca2+ into vacuoles and is involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in cells that suffer from high concentrations of Ca2+.

Keywords: Oryza sativa; Cation/H+ exchanger; Gene expression; Vacuole.
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