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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on November 2, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci223
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received July 6, 2005
Accepted October 24, 2005

Regular Paper

Apoplastic Glycosidases Active Against Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides of Arabidopsis thaliana

Natalia Iglesias 1, José Antonio Abelenda 1, María Rodiño 1, Javier Sampedro 2, Gloria Revilla 1, and Ignacio Zarra 1*

1 Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
2 Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Present address: Department of Biology, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ignacio Zarra, E-mail: bvzarra{at}usc.es


  Abstract

All four glycanases necessary for the degradation of xyloglucan oligosaccharides ({alpha}-fucosidase, {alpha}-xylosidase, {beta}-galactosidase and {beta}-glucosidase) were found in the apoplastic fluid of Arabidopsis thaliana. These activities acted cooperatively on xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XLFG), leading to the sequential formation of XXFG, XXLG, XXXG, GXXG and XXG, as identified by MALDI-TOF. AtFXG1 (At1g67830) and AtXYL1 (At1g68560) had been previously identified as the Arabidopsis genes coding for {alpha}-fucosidase and {alpha}-xylosidase, respectively. As for the genes coding for {beta}-galactosidase activity, we identified in phylogenetic trees twelve candidates from family 35 of glycoside hydrolases. Similarly four genes from family 3 were selected as possible {beta}-glucosidases active on xyloglucan. The expression level of all the selected genes was studied in different plant regions (young and mature rosette leaves, apical and basal region of the inflorescence stem, roots, flower and siliques) using quantitative real time RT-PCR. The expression patterns were very diverse as well as their relationship with growth rates, showing a very complex situation. This could lead to highly varying proportions of the different xyloglucan oligosaccharides in different plant regions and developmental stages.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; {alpha}-fucosidase; {alpha}-xylosidase; {beta}-galactosidase; {beta}-glucosidase; xyloglucan.
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