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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on October 20, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci213
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received August 24, 2005
Accepted October 6, 2005

Regular Paper

Lipid Biosynthesis and Its Coordination with Cell Cycle Progression

Alvin C. M. Kwok 1 and Joseph T. Y. Wong 1*

1 Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Joseph T. Y. Wong, E-mail: botin{at}ust.hk


  Abstract

The activation of cell cycle regulators at the G1/S boundary has been linked to cellular protein synthesis rate. It is conceivable that regulatory mechanisms are required to allow cells to coordinate the synthesis of other macromolecules with cell cycle progression. The availability of highly synchronized cells and flow cytometric methods facilitate investigation of the dynamics of lipid synthesis in the entire cell cycle of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. Flow cytograms of Nile red stained cells revealed a stepwise increase in the polar lipids content and a continuous increase in neutral lipids content in the dinoflagellate cell cycle. A cell cycle delay at early G1, but not G2/M, was observed upon inhibition of lipid synthesis. However, lipid synthesis continued during cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition. A cell cycle delay was not observed when inhibitors of cellulose synthesis and fatty acids syntheses were added after late G1 phase of the cell cycle. This implicates a commitment point that monitor the synthesis of fatty acids at the late G1 phase of the dinoflagellate cell cycle. Reduction of medium glucose concentrations down-regulated the G1 cell size with a concomitant forward shift of the commitment point. Inhibition of lipid synthesis up-regulated cellulose synthesis and resulted in an increase in cellulosic contents, while an inhibition of cellulose synthesis had no effects on lipid synthesis. Fatty acid synthesis and cellulose synthesis are apparently coupled to the cell cycle via independent pathways.

Keywords: Cell cycle progression; cell growth; cellulose synthesis; commitment point; dinoflagellates; lipid biosynthesis.
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