Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access first published online on June 11, 2005
This version published online on June 13, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci151
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1 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. In Arabidopsis, several genetic pathways controlling the floral transition (flowering) are integrated at the transcriptional regulation of FT, LFY, and SOC1. TSF is the closest homolog of FT in Arabidopsis. TSF expression was induced rapidly upon activation of CO. The mRNA levels of TSF and FT showed similar patterns of diurnal oscillation and response to photoperiods: an evening peak, higher levels in LD than in SD conditions, and immediate up-regulation upon day-length extension. These observations suggest that TSF is a direct regulatory target of CO. tsf mutation delayed flowering in SD conditions and enhanced the phenotype of ft in both LD and SD conditions. TSF and FT also shared similar modes of regulation by FLC, an integrator of autonomous and vernalization pathways, and other factors such as EBS and PHYB. Consistently, TSF over-expression caused a precocious-flowering phenotype independent of photoperiods or CO, or FLC. These observations suggest that TSF is a new member of the floral pathway integrators and promotes flowering largely redundantly with FT but makes a distinct contribution in SD conditions. TSF and FT seem to act independently of each other and of LFY, and partially upstream of SOC1. Interestingly, expression patterns of TSF and FT in seedlings did not overlap, although both were expressed in the phloem tissues. Our work revealed additional complexity and spatial aspects of the regulatory network at the pathway integration level. We propose that the phloem is the site where multiple regulatory pathways are integrated at the transcriptional regulation of FT and TSF.
Received May 16, 2005
Accepted June 8, 2005
Rapid Paper
TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) Acts As a Floral Pathway Integrator Redundantly with FT
2 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
3 Research Institute for Biological Sciences Okayama, Okayama 716-1241, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
4 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Adjunct Division of Applied Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
Takashi Araki, E-mail: taraqui{at}cosmos.bot.kyoto-u.ac.jp
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