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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on May 26, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci131
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received December 13, 2004
Accepted May 17, 2005

Regular Paper

UV-A Induces Two Calcium Waves in Physcomitrella patens

Edward B. Tucker 1*, Michelle Lee 1, Shaan Alli 1, Vinoud Sookhdeo 1, Masamitsu Wada 2, Takato Imaizumi 3, Masahiro Kasahara 4, and Peter K. Hepler 5

1 Natural Science Department, Baruch College, City University of New York, 17 Lexington Ave., New York, N.Y. 10010, USA
2 Department of Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-03, Japan
3 Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Terry Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
4 Gene Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
5 Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Edward B. Tucker, E-mail: edward_tucker{at}baruch.cuny.edu


  Abstract

Our understanding of the role of Ca2+ in blue/UV-A photoreceptor signaling in a single cell is limited. Insight into calcium signaling has now been attained in Physcomitrella patens and its cryptochrome and phototropin knock-outs. P. patens caulonemal filaments grow in the dark by apical extension and their apical cells are highly polarized. Fura-2-dextran ratio images of the apical cell from WT, Ppcry1a/1b and PpphotA2/B1/B2 were obtained immediately following UV-A exposure [30 µW. cm-2 at 340 nm for 1,000 ms plus 30 µW cm-2 at 380 nm for 1,000 ms] (abbreviated as "1,000 ms (340/380 nm)") and demonstrated two intracellular waves: a Ca2+ wave from the growing apical tip through the apical cap, and a wave from the junction of the neighboring cell through the vacuolar, nuclear and plastid regions. In WT, the UV-A-induced tip wave increase had a magnitude of 454.0 ± 40 nM, traveled at a rate of 3.4 ± 0.7 µm s-1, was complete within 26.6 ± 2.3 s, while the basal vacuolar wave had a magnitude of 596.8 ± 110 nM, rate of 8.4 ± 0.8 µm.s-1, and duration of 25.3 ± 4.9 s. Subsequent Ca2+ spikes of similar magnitude followed these waves. The amplitude of the Ca2+ waves in the apical cap and basal vacuolar regions of Ppcry1a/1b were higher than those in the WT, while the duration of those in PpphotA2/B1/B2 was longer. Subsequent Ca2+ spikes occurred in WT and Ppcry1a/1b but not in PpphotA2/B1/B2. When Mn2+ was added to the culture medium, the [Ca2+]cyt increase was delayed, did not move as a wave, and lasted longer. Results indicate that plants respond to blue light and UV-A radiation by generating a wave of changes in the [Ca2+]cyt. The characteristics of these Ca2+ waves were dependent upon cryptochrome and phototropin. Blue/UV-A signaling in P. patens appears to vary from that in Arabidopsis.

Keywords: calcium; cryptochrome; phototropin; Physcomitrella patens; UV-A/blue light signaling.
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