Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on May 6, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci122
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1 Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan; Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Green leafy volatiles or isoprenoids are produced after mechanical wounding or pathogen/herbivore attacks in higher plants. We monitored expression profiles of the genes involved in defense responses upon exposing Arabidopsis thaliana to the volatiles. Among the genes investigated, those known to be induced by mechanical wounding and/or jasmonate application, such as chalcone synthase (CHS), caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase (COMT), diacylglycerol kinase1(DGK1), glutathione-S-transferase1 (GST1), lipoxygenase2 (LOX2), were shown to be induced with (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, or allo-ocimene (2,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene). A salicylic acid-responsive gene, pathogenesis related protein2 (PR2), was not induced by the volatiles. Detailed analyses on the expression profiles showed that the manner of induction varied depending on either the gene monitored or the volatile used. A chemically inert compound, (Z)-3-hexenol, was also potent, which suggested that chemical reactivity was not the sole requisite for the inducing activity. With jasmonate-insensitive mutant (jar1), the inductions by the volatiles were mostly suppressed, however, those of LOX2 were unaltered. An ethylene-insensitive mutant (etr1) showed almost identical responses with the wild type with minor exceptions. From these observations, it was suggested that both the jasmonate-dependent and -independent pathway were operative upon perception of the volatiles, while ETR1-dependent pathway was not directly involved. When Botrytis cinerea was inoculated after the volatile treatment, retardation of the disease development could be seen. It appears that volatile treatment could make the plants more resistant against the fungal disease.
Received September 28, 2004
Accepted May 1, 2005
Regular Paper
Volatile C6-Aldehydes and Allo-Ocimene Activate Defense Genes and Induce Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana
2 Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan; Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kamitanakami, Otsu, 520-2113, Japan
Kenji Matsui, E-mail: matsui{at}yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
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