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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on March 30, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci095
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received February 14, 2005
Accepted March 22, 2005

Regular Paper

The Arabidopsis Gene CAD1 Controls Programmed Cell Death in the Plant Immune System and Encodes a Protein Containing a MACPF Domain

Chizuko Morita-Yamamuro 1, Tomokazu Tsutsui 2, Masanao Sato 3, Hirofumi Yoshioka 4, Masanori Tamaoki 5, Daisuke Ogawa 5, Hideyuki Matsuura 3, Teruhiko Yoshihara 3, Akira Ikeda 2, Ichiro Uyeda 3, and Junji Yamaguchi 1*

1 Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
2 Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10-W8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
3 Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N9-W9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
4 Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
5 Biodiversity Conservation Research Project, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Junji Yamaguchi, E-mail: jjyama{at}sci.hokudai.ac.jp


  Abstract

To clarify the processes involved in plant immunity, we have isolated and characterized a single recessive Arabidopsis mutant, cad1 (constitutively activated cell death 1), which shows a phenotype that mimics the lesions seen in the hypersensitive response (HR). This mutant shows spontaneously activated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and leading to 32-fold increase in salicylic acid (SA). Inoculation of cad1 mutant plants with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 shows that the cad1 mutation results in the restriction of bacterial growth. Cloning of CAD1 reveals that this gene encodes a protein containing a domain with significant homology to the MACPF (membrane attack complex and perforin) domain of complement components and perforin proteins that are involved in innate immunity in animals. Furthermore, cell death is suppressed in transgenic cad1 plants expressing nahG, which encodes an SA-degrading enzyme. We therefore conclude that the CAD1 protein negatively controls the SA-mediated pathway of programmed cell death in plant immunity.

Keywords: Hypersensitive response; Membrane attack complex and perforin; Plant immunity; Programmed cell death; Salicylic acid.
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