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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on March 25, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci093
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received October 13, 2004
Accepted March 21, 2005

Regular Papar

Molecular Characterization and Origin of Novel Bipartite Cold-Regulated Ice Recrystallisation Inhibition Proteins from Cereals

Karine Tremblay 1, François Ouellet 1, Julie Fournier 1, Jean Danyluk 1, and Fathey Sarhan 1*

1 Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences biologiques, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fathey Sarhan, E-mail: sarhan.fathey{at}uqam.ca


  Abstract

To understand the molecular basis of freezing tolerance in plants, several low temperature-responsive genes have been identified from wheat. Among these are two genes named TaIRI-1 and TaIRI-2 (Triticum aestivum Ice Recrystallisation Inhibition) that are upregulated during cold acclimation in freezing tolerant species. Phytohormones involved in pathogen defense pathways (jasmonic acid and ethylene) induce the expression of one of the two genes. The encoded proteins are novel in that they have a bipartite structure that has never been reported for antifreeze proteins. Their N-terminal part shows similarity with the Leucine-Rich Repeat-containing regions present in the receptor domain of receptor-like protein kinases, and their C-terminus is homologous to the ice-binding domain of some antifreeze proteins. The recombinant TaIRI-1 protein inhibits the growth of ice crystals, confirming its function as an ice recrystallisation inhibition protein. The TaIRI genes were found only in the species belonging to the Pooideae sub-family of cereals. Comparative genomic analysis suggested that molecular evolutionary events took place in the genome of freezing tolerant cereals to give rise to these genes with putative novel functions. These apparent adaptive DNA rearrangement events could be part of the molecular mechanisms that ensure the survival of hardy cereals in the harsh freezing environments.

Keywords: antifreeze proteins; freezing tolerance; ice-binding proteins; receptor-like kinase; wheat.
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