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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on February 8, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci066
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received December 3, 2004
Accepted January 25, 2005

Regular Paper

Expression Patterns of Genes Encoding Carbohydrate-Metabolizing Enzymes and Their Relation to Grain Filling in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Comparison of Caryopses Located at Different Positions in a Panicle

Tsutomu Ishimaru 1*, Tatsuro Hirose 2, Toshiaki Matsuda 3, Akitoshi Goto 4, Kazunari Takahashi 1, Haruto Sasaki 1, Tomio Terao 2, Ryu-ichi Ishii 5, Ryu Ohsugi 1, and Tohru Yamagishi 1

1 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
2 Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan
3 School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
4 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Department of Rice Research, National Agricultural Research Center, Joetsu, Niigata, 943-0193 Japan
5 College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Tsutomu Ishimaru, E-mail: atsutomu{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp


  Abstract

In rice, caryopses located at the base of the panicle have a lower growth rate than those at the tip of the panicle. The former and latter types of caryopses are called inferior and superior caryopses, respectively. Taking the different growth rate into consideration, sugar status and the expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in inferior caryopses were compared with those in superior caryopses. During the first five days after flowering, superior caryopses elongated rapidly, but inferior caryopses did not. At this phase, inferior caryopses had a low ratio of hexose to sucrose (hex/suc ratio), high activity of acid invertase, and the absence of the expression of the genes encoding the above enzymes except of two isoforms of cell wall invertase, OsCIN4 and INV1, in comparison with superior caryopses. At the start of caryopsis elongation both in superior and inferior caryopses, the hex/suc ratio increased accompanied with gene expression of vacuolar invertase (INV3), sucrose synthase (RSus1) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP-L2: D50317). Furthermore, the genes related to endospermal starch accumulation were expressed highly with the decrease in hex/suc ratio after its peak. Based on the comparison of superior and inferior caryopses, the possible mechanism of grain filling in rice is discussed.

Keywords: carbohydrate metabolism; inferior caryopses; Oryza sativa L.; grain filling; sink strength; superior caryopses.
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