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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on February 2, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci050
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received July 21, 2004
Revised December 30, 2004
Accepted January 7, 2005

Regular Paper

Similar Regulation Patterns of Choline Monooxygenase, Phosphoethanolamine N-Methyltransferase and S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Synthetase in Leaves of Halophyte Atriplex nummularia L

Tomoki Tabuchi 1, Yusuke Kawaguchi 1, Tetsushi Azuma 2, Takashi Nanmori 2, and Takeshi Yasuda 3*

1 Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
2 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
3 Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Takeshi Yasuda, E-mail: yastak{at}kobe-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

Glycinebetaine (betaine) highly accumulates as a compatible solute in certain plants and has been considered to play a role in the protection from salt stress. The betaine biosynthesis pathway of betaine-accumulating plants involves choline monooxygenase (CMO) as the key enzyme and phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT), which require S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. SAM is synthesized by SAM synthetase (SAMS), and needed to not only betaine synthesis but also syntheses of other compounds, especially lignin. We cloned CMO, PEAMT and SAMS isogenes from a halophyte Atriplex nummularia L. (Chenopodiaceous).The transcript and protein levels of CMO were much higher in leaves and stems than in roots, suggesting that betaine is synthesized mainly in the shoot. The regulation patterns of transcripts for SAMSs and PEAMT highly resembled that of CMO in the leaves during and after relief from salt stress, and on a diurnal rhythm. In the leaves, the betaine content was increased but the lignin content was not changed by salt stress. These results suggest that the transcript levels of SAMSs are coregulated with those of PEAMT and CMO to supply S-adenosyl-L-methionine for betaine synthesis in the leaves.

Keywords: Atriplex nummularia; choline monooxygenase; glycinebetaine; phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase; salt stress.
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