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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on February 2, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci037
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received September 22, 2004
Accepted December 15, 2004

Regular Paper

Phototropin from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is Functional in Arabidopsis thaliana

Akihiko Onodera 1, Sam-Geun Kong 1, Michio Doi 2, Ken-Ichiro Shimazaki 3, John Christie 4, Nobuyoshi Mochizuki 1, and Akira Nagatani 5*

1 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
2 Research and Development Center for Higher Education, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka, 810-8560, Japan
3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka, 810-8560, Japan
4 Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California 94305, USA
5 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California 94305, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Akira Nagatani, E-mail: nagatani{at}physiol.bot.kyoto-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

Phototropin, a plant blue light photoreceptor, mediates important blue-light responses such as phototropism, chloroplast positioning and stomatal opening in higher plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two phototoropins, phototropin 1 and 2 are known. Recently, in the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a phototropin homologue was identified. It exhibits photochemical properties similar to those of higher plant phototropins and is involved in multiple steps of the sexual life cycle of Chlamydomonas. Here, we expressed Chlamydomonas phototropin in Arabidopsis to examine whether it is active in a distantly related plant species. The Arabidopsis mutant deficient in both phototropin 1 and 2 was transformed with a vector containing Chlamydomonas phototropin cDNA fused to a CaMV 35S promoter. The resulting lines were classified into high, medium and low expressers based on RNA gel blot and immunoblot analyses. Typical phototropin responses were restored in high expression lines. These results demonstrate that Chlamydomonas phototropin is functional in higher plants. Hence, the basic mechanism of phototropin action is highly conserved, even though its apparent physiological functions are quite diverse.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Blue light response; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; Phototorpin; Signal transduction.
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