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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on February 2, 2005

Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci031
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received June 10, 2004
Accepted November 24, 2004

Regular Paper

Indirect ABA-Dependent Regulation of Seed Storage Protein Genes by FUSCA3 Transcription Factor in Arabidopsis

Yasuaki Kagaya 1, Rie Okuda 1, Atsushi Ban 1, Ryoko Toyoshima 1, Kumiko Tsutsumida 1, Haruko Usui 2, Akiko Yamamoto 2, and Tsukaho Hattori 2*

1 Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
2 Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464- 8601, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Tsukaho Hattori, E-mail: hattori{at}agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp


   Abstract

The key transcription factors that control seed maturation, ABSCISIC ACID INSENSEITIVE3 (ABI3) and FUSCA3 (FUS3), share homologous DNA-binding domains. Regulation of seed storage protein genes At2S3 and CRC by ABI3 and FUS3 was investigated using transgenic plants in which ABI3 and FUS3 could be ectopically induced by steroid hormones. Like ABI3, the presence of FUS3 led to expression of At2S3 and CRC in vegetative tissues. FUS3-mediated induction of CRC was completely dependent on exogenous ABA, while At2S3 was weakly induced without ABA but strongly enhanced with ABA. This ABA-dependency of FUS3-induced CRC and At2S3 expression was similar to that observed for ABI3. However, kinetic analysis revealed distinctions between the mechanisms of ABA- dependent CRC regulation by FUS3 or ABI3, and between target genes. While At2S3 activation by FUS3 was rapid, CRC induction by FUS3 in the presence of ABA, and by ABA followed in the presence of FUS3, took a significantly longer time (24-36 h). This suggested the involvement of an indirect mechanism requiring the ABA- and FUS3-dependent synthesis of intermediate regulatory factor(s). A chimeric protein composed of the FUS3 B3 domain, and a heterologous activation domain and nuclear localization signal exhibited a tight coupling with ABA regulation as observed for wild type FUS3. Simultaneous induction of FUS3 and ABI3 did not result in the synergistic activation of CRC and At2S3. Based on these results, similarities and differences in the mechanisms of seed storage protein gene regulation by FUS3 and ABI3 are discussed.

Keywords: ABI3; Arabidopsis thaliana; LEC1; cruciferin; 2S albumin; seed development.
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