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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on February 2, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci018
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights reserved.
Received August 21, 2004
Accepted November 8, 2004

Regular Paper

Identification of Silicon Form in Xylem Sap of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Namiki Mitani 1, Jian Feng Ma 1*, and Takashi Iwashita 2

1 Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
2 Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Wakayamadai 1-1-1, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Jian Feng Ma, E-mail: maj{at}ag.kagawa-u.ac.jp


  Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a typical Si-accumulating plant, but the mechanism responsible for the translocation from the root to the shoot is poorly understood. In this study, the form of Si in xylem sap was identified by 29Si-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In rice (cv. Oochikara) cultured in a monosilicic acid solution containing 0.5 mM Si, the Si concentration in the xylem reached 6 mM within 30 min. In the 29Si-NMR spectra of the xylem sap, only one signal was observed at a chemical shift of -72.6 ppm, which is consistent with that of monosilicic acid. An 1H-NMR study of xylem sap did not show any significant difference between the wild-type rice and mutant rice defective in Si uptake, and the ingredient of the xylem sap was not affected by the Si supply. The Si concentration in the xylem sap in vitro decreased from an initial 18 mM to 2.6 mM with time. Addition of xylem sap to a solution containing 8 mM Si did not prevent the polymerization of silicic acid. All these results indicate that Si is translocated in the form of monosilicic acid through the xylem and that the concentration of monosilicic acid is high in the xylem only transiently.

Keywords: Form; NMR; Rice; Silicon; Xylem.
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