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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on January 19, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci011
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights researved.
Received July 20, 2004
Accepted November 1, 2004

Regular Paper

Phosphate Starvation Induces a Determinate Developmental Program in the Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

Lenin Sánchez-Calderón 1, José López-Bucio 2, Alejandra Chacón-López 1, Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez 1, Fernanda Nieto-Jacobo 1, Joseph G. Dubrovsky 3, and Luis Herrera-Estrella 1*

1 Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Apartado Postal 629, 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
2 Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Apartado Postal 629, 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México; Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
3 Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, México

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Luis Herrera-Estrella, E-mail: lherrera{at}ira.cinvestav.mx


  Abstract

When growing under limiting phosphate (P) conditions Arabidopsis thaliana plants show dramatic changes in root architecture, including a reduction in primary root length, increased formation of lateral roots and greater formation of root hairs. Here we report that primary root growth inhibition by low P is caused by a shift from an indeterminate to a determinate developmental program. In the primary root, the low P-induced determinate growth program initiates with a reduction of cell elongation followed by the progressive loss of meristematic cells. At later stages, cell proliferation ceases and cell differentiation takes place at the former cell elongation and meristematic regions of the primary root. In low P, not only the primary but also almost all mature lateral roots enter the determinate developmental program. Kinetic studies of expression of the cell cycle marker CycB1;1:uidA and the quiescent centre (QC) identity marker QC46:GUS showed that in low P conditions, reduction in proliferation in the primary root was preceded by alterations in the QC. These results suggest that in Arabidopsis, P limitation can induce a determinate root developmental program that plays an important role in altering root system architecture and that the QC could act as a sensor of environmental signals.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; phosphate availability; determinate growth; root meristem; cell division.
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