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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access published online on January 19, 2005
Plant and Cell Physiology, doi:10.1093/pcp/pci007
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Plant and Cell Physiology 2005 © The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists (JSPP); all rights researved.
Received June 14, 2004
Accepted October 28, 2004

Regular Paper

Maize Cyclin D2 Expression, Associated Kinase Activity and Effect of Phytohormones During Germination

Ruth Gutiérrez 1, Francisco Quiroz-Figueroa 1, and Jorge M. Vázquez-Ramos 1*

1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, UNAM, Avenida Universidad y Copilco, México 04510 DF, México

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Jorge M. Vázquez-Ramos, E-mail: jorman{at}servidor.unam.mx


  Abstract

A cDNA corresponding to 16 kDa of maize cyclin D2 amino end was cloned and this polypeptide was overexpressed to produce homologous antibodies. This antibody recognized a 38 kDa protein in extracts from maize embryonic axes which corresponds to the predicted size for cyclin D2 protein. Expression of cyclin D2 was followed at the transcriptional and protein levels and the effect of cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) was followed during maize germination. Cytokinins importantly stimulated cyclin D2 gene expression at late germination times and sucrose was necessary for stimulation, whereas the effect of ABA was not different to controls. However, cyclin D2 protein levels in control axes reached a peak at 6h germination declining thereafter and neither cytokinins nor ABA modified this behaviour. Two Cdk-A type proteins and PCNA were found co-imunoprecipitating with cyclin D2 and these immunoprecipitates were able to phosphorylate both histone H1 and the maize retinoblastoma-related (RBR) protein. This protein kinase activity differed from the pattern of protein accumulation during germination and activity was not modified by either cytokinins or ABA. We discuss these findings in terms of the importance of the cell cycle for the germination process.

Keywords: Cdks; cyclin D2; germination; kinase activity; phytohormones; Zea mays.
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