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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on April 20, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology 2009 50(6):1032-1040; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp054
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Light-Dependent Intracellular Positioning of Mitochondria in Arabidopsis thaliana Mesophyll Cells

Md. Sayeedul Islam1,2,*, Yasuo Niwa3 and Shingo Takagi1

1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan
2Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
3Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, islam{at}bio.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp; Fax, +81-6-6850-5818.


  Abstract

Mitochondria, the power house of the cell, are one of the most dynamic cell organelles. Although there are several reports on actin- or microtubule-dependent movement of mitochondria in plant cells, intracellular positioning and motility of mitochondria under different light conditions remain open questions. Mitochondria were visualized in living Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells using green fluorescent protein fused to a mitochondrion-targeting signal. In darkness, mitochondria were distributed randomly in palisade cells. In contrast, mitochondria accumulated along the periclinal walls, similar to the accumulation response of chloroplasts, when treated with weak blue light (470 nm, 4 µmol m–2 s–1). Under strong blue light (100 µmol m–2 s–1), mitochondria occupied the anticlinal positions similar to the avoidance response of chloroplasts and nuclei. While strong red light (660 nm, 100 µmol m–2 s–1) induced the accumulation of mitochondria along the inner periclinal walls, green light exhibited little effect on the distribution of mitochondria. In addition, the mode of movement of individual mitochondria along the outer periclinal walls under different light conditions was precisely analyzed by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. A gradual increase in the number of static mitochondria located in the vicinity of chloroplasts with a time period of blue light illumination clearly demonstrated the accumulation response of mitochondria. Light-induced co-localization of mitochondria with chloroplasts strongly suggested their mutual metabolic interactions. This is the first characterization of the light-dependent redistribution of mitochondria in plant cells.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana - Blue light - Green fluorescent protein - Mesophyll cell - Mitochondria - Organelle positioning

Abbreviations: Col, Columbia; mt-GFP, mitochondrion-targeted green fluorescent protein; NA, numerical aperture; sBL, strong blue light; sGL, strong green light; sRL, strong red light; wBL, weak blue light

(Received March 5, 2009; Accepted April 9, 2009)
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