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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on February 11, 2009
Plant and Cell Physiology 2009 50(4):789-800; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcp023
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

This article appears in the following Plant and Cell Physiology issue: Special Issue Articles: Photosynthesis [View the issue table of contents]

Free Fatty Acids and Methyl Jasmonate Trigger Defense Reactions in Laminaria digitata

Frithjof C. Küpper1,2,3,*, Emmanuel Gaquerel2,4,5, Audrey Cosse2, Fadi Adas2,4, Akira F. Peters2, Dieter G. Müller3, Bernard Kloareg2, Jean-Pierre Salaün2,4 and Philippe Potin2

1Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
2Station Biologique, UMR 7139 CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, BP 74, F-29682 Roscoff, Brittany, France
3University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
4Laboratoire de Biochimie-EA-948, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine, 22 Avenue C. Desmoulins, BP-815, F-29285 Brest, Brittany, France

*Corresponding author: E-mail, fck{at}sams.ac.uk; Fax, +44-1631-559 001.


  Abstract

Arachidonic acid, linolenic acid and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were found to be strong triggers of an oxidative burst in the kelp Laminaria digitata. These findings constitute the first report of an oxidative burst in an algal system induced by free fatty acids. The source of reactive oxygen species can be at least partially inhibited by diphenylene iodonium (DPI). Treatment with arachidonic acid increases the levels of a number of free fatty acids [including myristic (C14:0), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3) and eicosapentaeneoic (C20:5) acids] and hydroxylated derivatives [such as 15-hydroxyeicosate-traenoic acid (15-HETE), 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid (13-HOTE) and 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (15-HEPE)]. Similar to a previous report of the function of an alginate oligosaccharide-triggered oxidative burst in the establishment of resistance in L. digitata against infection by its brown algal endophyte Laminariocolax tomentosoides, C20:4- and MeJA-induced oxidative bursts seem to be involved in establishing the same protection in L. digitata. Altogether, this study supports the notion that lipid oxidation signaling plays a key role in defense induction in marine brown algae.

Keywords: Arachidonic acid - Endophyte - Laminariocolax - Linolenic acid - Methyl jasmonate - Oxidative burst - Polyunsaturated fatty acids - Resistance

Abbreviations: APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; C20:4, arachidonic acid; C18:2, linoleic acid; C18:3, linolenic acid; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; DPI, diphenylene iodonium; FFA, free fatty acid; GC, gas chromatography; GG, oligoguluronates; 15-HEPE, 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; 15-HETE, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 13-HOTE, 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid; JA, jasmonic acid; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; MS, mass spectrometry; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid; TLC, thin-layer chromato-graphy.

5Present address: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Ökologie, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.

(Received January 1, 2009; Accepted February 6, 2009)
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