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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on December 19, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2009 50(2):280-289; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn197
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Differential Expression Control and Polarized Distribution of Plasma Membrane-Resident SYP1 SNAREs in Arabidopsis thaliana

Kazuhiko Enami1, Mie Ichikawa1, Tomohiro Uemura2, Natsumaro Kutsuna3,4, Seiichiro Hasezawa3,4, Tsuyoshi Nakagawa5, Akihiko Nakano2,6 and Masa H. Sato1,*

1Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5, Shimogamo-nakaragi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
2Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
3Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
4Institute for Bioinformatics Research and Development (BIRD), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
5Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Center for Integrated Research in Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
6Molecular Membrane Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, mhsato{at}kpu.ac.jp; Fax, +81-75-703-5448.


  Abstract

Membrane trafficking to the plasma membrane (PM) is a highly organized process which enables plant cells to build up their bodies. SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) genes, which encode the proteins involved in membrane trafficking, are much more abundant in the Arabidopsis genome than in that of any other eukaryote. We have previously shown that a large number of SNARE molecules in the Arabidopsis cell are localized predominantly on the PM. In the present study, in order to elucidate the physiological function of each PM-localized SNARE, we analyzed the spatiotemporal expression profiling of nine SYP1s that are resident in the PM of Arabidopsis, and used the information thus acquired to generate transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing green fluorescent protein-fused Qa-SNAREs under control of their authentic promoters. Among the nine SYP1s, only SYP132 is expressed ubiquitously in all tissues throughout plant development. The expression patterns of the other SYP1s, in contrast, are tissue specific, and all different from one another. A particularly noteworthy example is SYP123, which is predominantly expressed in root hair cells during root development, and shows a focal accumulation pattern at the tip region of root hairs. These results suggest that SYP132 is involved in constitutive membrane trafficking to the PM throughout plant development, while the other SYP1s are involved in membrane trafficking events such as root formation or tip growth of root hair, with some redundancy.

Keywords: Arabidopsis - Membrane traffic - Plasma membrane - SNARE - Tip growth

Abbreviations: DIC, differential interference contrast; FTFLP, fluorescent tagging of full-length proteins; GFP, green fluorescent protein; mRFP, monomeric red fluorescent protein; ORF, open reading frame; PM, plasma membrane; SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attach-ment protein receptor; TT-PCR, triple-template PCR.

(Received September 28, 2008; Accepted December 15, 2008)
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