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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on November 18, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2009 50(1):78-89; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn173
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Multiple PLDs Required for High Salinity and Water Deficit Tolerance in Plants

Bastiaan O. R. Bargmann1,4, Ana M. Laxalt1,5, Bas ter Riet1,6, Bas van Schooten1, Emmanuelle Merquiol2, Christa Testerink1, Michel A. Haring1, Dorothea Bartels3 and Teun Munnik1,*

1Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), Universiteit van Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2Department of Ecology and Physiology of Plants, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3Universität Bonn, Molekulare Physiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany

*Corresponding author: E-mail, t.munnik{at}uva.nl; Fax, +31-20-5257934.


  Abstract

High salinity and drought have received much attention because they severely affect crop production worldwide. Analysis and comprehension of the plant's response to excessive salt and dehydration will aid in the development of stress-tolerant crop varieties. Signal transduction lies at the basis of the response to these stresses, and numerous signaling pathways have been implicated. Here, we provide further evidence for the involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) in the plant's response to high salinity and dehydration. A tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) {alpha}-class PLD, LePLD{alpha}1, is transcriptionally up-regulated and activated in cell suspension cultures treated with salt. Gene silencing revealed that this PLD is indeed involved in the salt-induced phosphatidic acid production, but not exclusively. Genetically modified tomato plants with reduced LePLD{alpha}1 protein levels did not reveal altered salt tolerance. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), both AtPLD{alpha}1 and AtPLD{delta} were found to be activated in response to salt stress. Moreover, pld{alpha}1 and pld{delta} single and double knock-out mutants exhibited enhanced sensitivity to high salinity stress in a plate assay. Furthermore, we show that both PLDs are activated upon dehydration and the knock-out mutants are hypersensitive to hyperosmotic stress, displaying strongly reduced growth.

Keywords: Phospholipase D - High salinity - Drought - Phosphatidic acid - Arabidopsis - Tomato

Abbreviations: DGK, diacylglycerol kinase; PA, phosphatidic acid; PBut, phosphatidylbutanol; PLC, phospholipase C; PLD, phospholipase D; RNAi, RNA interference; TLC, thin-layer chromatography; UTR, untranslated region

4Present address: Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, 1009 Silver Building, New York, NY 10003, USA.

5Present address: Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencas Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.

6Present address: The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmalaan 121, NL-1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

(Received October 13, 2008; Accepted November 16, 2008)
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