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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on August 14, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(9):1272-1282; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn114
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Rapid Paper

A Putative Peroxisomal Polyamine Oxidase, AtPAO4, is Involved in Polyamine Catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Tomoe Kamada-Nobusada1,3, Makoto Hayashi1,2, Mitsue Fukazawa1, Hitoshi Sakakibara3 and Mikio Nishimura1,2,*

1 Division of Cell Mechanisms, Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
2 Department of Molecular Biomechanics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
3 RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, mikosome{at}nibb.ac.jp; Fax, 81-564-55-7505.


  Abstract

We characterized three Arabidopsis polyamine oxidase genes, AtPAO2, AtPAO3 and AtPAO4. Transient expression of these genes as monomeric red fluorescent protein fusion proteins in Arabidopsis root cells revealed that all are peroxisomal proteins. Quantitative analysis of their transcripts in various organs suggested that AtPAO4 is the major isoform in root peroxisomes. Analysis of recombinant AtPAO4 protein indicated that it is a flavoprotein that catalyzed the oxidative conversion of spermine to spermidine. AtPAO4-deficient mutants established by using T-DNA insertion and RNA interference techniques had markedly increased spermine and decreased spermidine levels in the roots. These results suggest that AtPAO4 is a root peroxisomal polyamine oxidase that participates in polyamine catabolism. Microarray analysis showed that AtPAO4 deficiency induced alterations in the expression of genes related to the drought stress response and flavonoid biosynthesis.

Keywords: Arabidopsis - Peroxisome - Polyamine - Polyamine oxidase - Spermidine - Spermine

Abbreviations: CaMV, cauliflower mosaic virus; DRE, dehydration-responsive element; EST, expressed sequence tag; GFP, green fluorescent protein; LEA, late embryonic antigen; mRFP, monomeric red fluorescent protein; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; PAO, polyamnine oxidase; PTS, peroxisomal targeting signal; RNAi, RNA interference; RT–PCR, reverse transcription–PCR; WT, wild type.

(Received July 20, 2008; Accepted August 5, 2008)
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