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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on March 6, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(4):617-624; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn033
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The Signaling Role of Extracellular ATP and its Dependence on Ca2+ Flux in Elicitation of Salvia miltiorrhiza Hairy Root Cultures

Shu-Jing Wu, Yuan-Shuai Liu and Jian-Yong Wu*

Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China

*Corresponding author: E-mail, bcjywu{at}polyu.edu.hk; Fax, +852-23649932.


  Abstract

The application of a polysaccharide elicitor from yeast extract, YE, to Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy root cultures induced transient release of ATP from the roots to the medium, leading to a dose-dependent increase in the extracellular ATP (eATP) level. The eATP level rose to a peak (about 6.5 nM with 100 mg l–1 YE) at about 10 h after YE treatment, but dropped to the control level 6 h later. The elicitor-induced ATP release was dependent on membrane Ca2+ influx, and abolished by the Ca2+ chelator EGTA or the channel blocker La3+. The YE-induced H2O2 production was strongly inhibited by reactive blue (RB), a specific inhibitor of membrane purinoceptors. On the other hand, the application of exogenous ATP at 10–100 µM to the cultures also induced rapid and dose-dependent increases in H2O2 production and medium pH, both of which were effectively blocked by RB and EGTA. The non-hydrolyzable ATP analog ATP{gamma}S was as effective as ATP, but the hydrolyzed derivatives ADP or AMP were not so effective in inducing the pH and H2O2 increases. Our results suggest that ATP release is an early event and that eATP plays a signaling role in the elicitation of plant cell responses; Ca2+ is required for activation of the elicitor-induced ATP release and the eATP signal transduction. This is the first report on ATP release induced by a fungal elicitor and its involvement in the elicitor-induced responses in plant cells.

Keywords: Ca2+ flux - Extracellular ATP - Fungal elicitor - H+ flux - H2O2 production - Salvia miltiorrhiza

Abbreviations: ABC, ATP-binding cassette; eATP, extracellular ATP; ECM, extracellular matrix; MS, Murashige–Skoog; PPADS, pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2', 4'-disulfonic acid; RB, reactive blue; ROS, reavtive oxygen species; YE, polysaccharide elicitor from yeast extract.

(Received January 13, 2008; Accepted February 20, 2008)
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S.-J. Wu and J.-Y. Wu
Extracellular ATP-induced NO production and its dependence on membrane Ca2+ flux in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots
J. Exp. Bot., October 1, 2008; 59(14): 4007 - 4016.
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