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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on February 5, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(3):386-395; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn015
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The Necrotroph Botrytis cinerea Induces a Non-Host Type II Resistance Mechanism in Pinus pinaster Suspension-Cultured Cells

Herlânder Azevedo*, Teresa Lino-Neto and Rui Manuel Tavares

Grupo de Bioquímica e Fisiologia Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal

*Corresponding author: E-mail, hazevedo{at}bio.uminho.pt; Fax, +351 253678980.


  Abstract

Models of non-host resistance have failed to account for the pathogenicity of necrotrophic agents. During the interaction of Pinus pinaster (maritime pine) with the non-host necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, the generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the induction of the hypersensitive response (HR) were analyzed. Elicitation of maritime pine suspended cells with B. cinerea spores resulted in the biphasic induction of ROS. The phase I oxidative burst was dependent on calcium influx, while the phase II oxidative burst also depended on NADPH oxidase, protein kinase activity, and de novo transcription and protein synthesis. A decline was observed in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, together with the down-regulation of Fe-Sod1, chlCu, Zn-Sod1 and csApx1, suggesting a coordinated response towards a decrease in the ROS-scavenging capacity of maritime pine cells during challenge. Following the second oxidative burst, programmed cell death events characteristic of the HR were observed. The results suggest the ROS-mediated and cell-breach-independent activation of Type II non-host resistance during the P. pinaster–B. cinerea interaction.

Keywords: Botrytis cinerea - Necrotrophic fungi - Non-host Type II resistance - Pinus pinaster - ROS

Abbreviations: APX, ascorbate peroxidase; BA, 6-benzylaminopurine; CAT, catalase; DPI, diphenyleneiodonium chloride; H2DCFDA, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; HR, hypersensitive response; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MDA, malondialdehyde; MS, Murashige and Skoog; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCD, programmed cell death; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TBA, 2-thiobarbituric acid; TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling.

(Received July 20, 2007; Accepted January 25, 2008)
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