Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on September 18, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(11):1711-1722; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn144
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Metabolism of Reactive Nitrogen Species in Pea Plants Under Abiotic Stress Conditions
1 Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain
2 Grupo de Señalización Molecular y Sistemas Antioxidantes en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
*Corresponding author: E-mail, javier.corpas{at}eez.csic.es; Fax, +34-958-129600.
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Abstract |
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Nitric oxide (·NO) is a key signaling molecule in different physiological processes of animals and plants. However, little is known about the metabolism of endogenous ·NO and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plants under abiotic stress conditions. Using pea plants exposed to six different abiotic stress conditions (high light intensity, low and high temperature, continuous light, continuous dark and mechanical wounding), several key components of the metabolism of RNS including the content of ·NO, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) and nitrite plus nitrate, the enzyme activities of L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and S-nitrosogluthathione reductase (GSNOR), and the profile of protein tyrosine nitration (NO2-Tyr) were analyzed in leaves. Low temperature was the stress that produced the highest increase of NOS and GSNOR activities, and this was accompanied by an increase in the content of total ·NO and S-nitrosothiols, and an intensification of the immunoreactivity with an antibody against NO2-Tyr. Mechanical wounding, high temperature and light also had a clear activating effect on the different indicators of RNS metabolism in pea plants. However, the total content of nitrite and nitrate in leaves was not affected by any of these stresses. Considering that protein tyrosine nitration is a potential marker of nitrosative stress, the results obtained suggest that low and high temperature, continuous light and high light intensity are abiotic stress conditions that can induce nitrosative stress in pea plants.
Keywords: Low temperature - Nitric oxide - Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) - Nitrosative stress - Nitrotyrosine - S-nitrosothiols
Abbreviations: BSA, bovine serum albumin; CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy; DAF-FM DA, 4-aminomethyl-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate; GSNO, S-nitrosoglutathione; GSNOR, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase; L-NAME, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester; ·NO, nitric oxide; NOA, nitric oxide analyzer; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; NO2-Tyr, 3-nitrotyrosine; NR, nitrate reductase; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PTIO, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl; ROS, reactive oxygen species; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; RSNO, S-nitrosothiol.
(Received August 11, 2008; Accepted September 14, 2008)
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