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Plant and Cell Physiology Advance Access originally published online on July 14, 2008
Plant and Cell Physiology 2008 49(10):1484-1494; doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn102
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Special Issue - Mini Review

Genome Barriers between Nuclei and Mitochondria Exemplified by Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

Sota Fujii and Kinya Toriyama*

Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan

*Corresponding author: E-mail, torikin{at}bios.tohoku.ac.jp; Fax, +81-22-717-8834


  Abstract

Since plants retain genomes of an extremely large size in mitochondria (200–2,400 kb), and mitochondrial protein complexes are comprised of chimeric structures of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits, coordination of gene expression between the nuclei and mitochondria is indispensable for sound plant development. It has been well documented that the nucleus regulates organelle gene expression. This regulation is called anterograde regulation. On the other hand, recent studies have demonstrated that signals emitted from organelles regulate nuclear gene expression. This process is known as retrograde signaling. Incompatibility caused by genome barriers between a nucleus and foreign mitochondria destines the fate of pollen to be dead in cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), and studies of CMS confirm that pollen fertility is associated with anterograde/retrograde signaling. This review summarizes the current perspectives in CMS and fertility restoration, mainly from the viewpoint of anterograde/retrograde signaling.

Keywords: Anterograde signaling - Cytoplasmic male sterility - Mitochondria - Retrograde signaling

Abbreviations: AOX, alternative oxidase; CMS, cytoplasmic male sterility; MCAG, mitochondrial CMS-associated gene; PCD, programmed cell death; Rf, fertility restorer gene.

(Received June 23, 2008; Accepted July 9, 2008)
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